PHP

WebSockets allow two-way, real-time communication between the server and client over a single, persistent connection. In PHP, you can implement WebSockets using either: How WebSocket Works (Conceptually) Simple Example Using Raw PHP 1. Create a WebSocket Server in PHP Save as server.php 2. Client Side (HTML + JS) Run php server.php from the terminal and…

In PHP, namespaces are used to encapsulate and organize code, especially when dealing with large projects or libraries, to avoid naming conflicts between classes, functions, and constants. They help structure code more efficiently and make it easier to manage. PHP introduced namespaces starting from PHP 5.3. What is a Namespace? Defining a Namespace: To define…

Method Overloading and Method Overriding are two key concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP), used to achieve polymorphism. Method Overloading: Method Overriding: Key Differences: Aspect Method Overloading Method Overriding Purpose Improve readability by using the same method name for different functionalities. Provide a specific implementation of a method defined in a superclass. Parameters Must differ in…

In PHP Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), inheritance allows a class (child or subclass) to inherit properties and methods from another class (parent or superclass). This enables code reusability and hierarchical relationships between classes. Example of Inheritance in PHP: Key Concepts: Use Cases:

Method chaining in PHP allows you to call multiple methods on the same object in a single line of code. This is achieved by returning the object itself ($this) from each method, so that the next method can be called on the same instance. Here’s an example: Example of Method Chaining in PHP Explanation: Use…

Output buffering is a mechanism in PHP that allows you to control when and how the output is sent to the browser. Normally, when you use PHP functions like echo, print, or any HTML output inside a PHP file, the content is sent directly to the browser as soon as it is generated. However, with…

In PHP 8.1 and later, first-class callable syntax allows you to create references to callable functions or methods in a cleaner and more intuitive way using the (…) syntax. Here’s an example: 1. Function Callables You can create a callable for a function like this: function sayHello($name) { return “Hello, $name!”;}$callable = sayHello(…); // First-class…

PHP arrow functions, introduced in PHP 7.4, provide a more concise syntax for anonymous functions. They are particularly useful for short callbacks. Here’s a quick overview: Syntax An arrow function uses the fn keyword and has a simplified syntax: $sum = fn($a, $b) => $a + $b;echo $sum(2, 3); // Outputs: 5 Key Features Example…

Anonymous functions (also known as closures) in PHP are functions that have no specified name. They are often used as callback functions or for cases where a function is only needed temporarily. Here’s a detailed overview of how they work: Basic Syntax $variable = function ($parameters) { // Code to execute return $value;}; Example: $greet…

In PHP, a variable function refers to the ability to call a function dynamically using a variable. This means that the name of the function can be stored in a variable, and you can invoke the function using that variable. Here’s an overview of how variable functions work in PHP: Basic Example <?phpfunction greet() {…